Free Movement of Person Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Free Movement of Person - Essay Example One is that Nic is a Bulgarian national. The other is that he has not been accepted to any job in Germany at the time of his attempt at entry. There are two sets of laws applicable here, both relating to freedom of movement of persons within the European Union. One relates to the rights of workers, and corollary to that, on the issue of whether a job applicant such as Nic has the right to enter Germany and be treated as a worker under the law. The other has to do with whether citizenship in a country that is either a member of non-member of the EU grants certain rights of abode and entry into other member states of the EU (Bamford et al. 2012, pp. 6-39). First Article 45 of the TFEU states that â€Å"workers of the Member States† are free to move within the EU. The article, together with Article 18, reinforces the ban on discrimination based on nationality, and the former article specifically prohibits such discrimination as it relates to work for citizens of the EU. There are also other worker rights in the EU law that support Nic’s bid to enter Germany, among them the right against discrimination on job selection based on nationality, and the right to look for work in another EU country, as implied in the movement right provision in Article 45 of the TFEU. Meanwhile, while Article 45 is mum on the status of job seekers like Nic, the ECJ has made it clear that it is corollary to the stipulated rights of Article 45 for job seekers likewise to be afforded the rights guaranteed in Article 45. This is true for example in cases like R v. Immigration Appeal Tribunal, ex parte Antonissen (case C-292/89) [1991 ] ECR I-745, where the court ruled in favor of job seekers having equal freedom of movement rights as workers, in essence (Bamford et al. 2012, p. 13). This means that as a work seeker, Nic has the right to move within the EU (Bamford et al. 2012, pp. 6-15). Granted that a two-tier treatment system is in place in the EU, with states who were in the EU prior to the May 2004 inclusions being able to negate some of the laws on freedom of movement of persons, it was clear also that the two-tier system was to go by the beginning of 2012, and 2014 at the latest. Germany’s only safe ground here is that Bulgaria is within the group of states post 2004, and therefore Germany has the right to invoke restrictions to free movement of Bulgarians in Germany prior to 2014. The Germans though should have signified legally their intention with regard to restricting or lifting restrictions on movement of Bulgarian nationals within Germany by 2008. Moreover, the restriction post 2012 is not absolute, and Germany has to show that the movement of Nic, a physiotherapist, into Germany to seek work would disrupt the labor market in Germany. On the contrary, there is a physiotherapist shortage in that country (Bamford et al. 2012, pp. 6-24). The balance of the evidence and the legal provisions for and against the free movement of the Bulgarian physiotherapist Nic seems to favor Nic’s being allowed entry into Germany, and of Germany being on the wrong end of the EU law. Assuming this balance assessment is correct, EU law supersedes German law. ECJ case law provides many examples of the ECJ ruling on and deciding that national laws go against Article 45. Such is the case in Allue v. Universita degli Studi

Robotic Surgery Technology Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 15500 words

Robotic Surgery Technology - Dissertation Example I have read the University regulations concerning plagiarism. I am willing to allow The University of Leicester School of Management to use my dissertation as a sample for future students. Signed †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Date †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Executive Summary This dissertation presents an examination of management perspectives for training, international medical licensing and regulatory requirements for robotic surgery technology using a predominantly qualitative approach involving a review of literature and semi-structured interviews of expert surgeons. A literature review elicits important themes from latest research to illustrate the utility of robot surgery technology, training requirements for robot surgery and regulative approaches. Semi-structured interviews seek expert opinion from minimally invasive robot surgeons, healthcare managers and those qua lified surgeons who are training to acquire skills in robot surgery on matters of interest related to robot surgery technology. Results of the investigations involving a combination of themes from the review of literature and expert insights suggest that a need exists for trying to do more to assist with the training of surgeons wanting to acquire skills in robot surgery. Robot surgery technology presents definite benefits to patients and surgeons. Thus, it is likely that robot surgery equipment will be an integral part of all modern operation theatres of the future. However, those wanting to upgrade their skills to include minimally invasive surgery using robots can face problems because they need practical training. In addition, it makes sense to lend... This dissertation presents an examination of management perspectives for training, international medical licensing and regulatory requirements for robotic surgery technology using a predominantly qualitative approach involving a review of literature and semi-structured interviews of expert surgeons. A literature review elicits important themes from latest research to illustrate the utility of robot surgery technology, training requirements for robot surgery and regulative approaches. Semi-structured interviews seek expert opinion from minimally invasive robot surgeons, healthcare managers and those qualified surgeons who are training to acquire skills in robot surgery on matters of interest related to robot surgery technology. Results of the investigations involving a combination of themes from the review of literature and expert insights suggest that a need exists for trying to do more to assist with the training of surgeons wanting to acquire skills in robot surgery. Robot surgery technology presents definite benefits to patients and surgeons. Thus, it is likely that robot surgery equipment will be an integral part of all modern operation theatres of the future. However, those wanting to upgrade their skills to include minimally invasive surgery using robots can face problems because they need practical training. In addition, it makes sense to lend support to harmonisation of regulation of medical devices so that patients benefit from timely availability of these devices cheaply.